The Globalization of Knowledge

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The Globalization of Knowledge. Jürgen Renn (ed). Preface Jürgen Renn. About the Contributions. World Map - Chapter Overview. About the Contributors. 1 The Globalization of Knowledge in History: An Introduction Jürgen Renn and Malcolm D. Hyman.

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• title_full: The Globalization of Knowledge
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de, en

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• The Globalization of Knowledge
• Preface Jürgen Renn
• About the Contributions
• World Map - Chapter Overview
• About the Contributors
• 1 The Globalization of Knowledge in History: An Introduction Jürgen Renn and Malcolm D. Hyman
• 1.1 The Development of Knowledge as a Global Learning Process
• 1.2 The Role of Knowledge in Globalization Processes
• 1.3 A Theoretical Framework for Studying the Globalization of Knowledge
• 1.4 A Historical Outline of the Globalization of Knowledge
• 2 Knowledge and Science in Current Discussions of Globalization Helge Wendt and Jürgen Renn
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Major Contributions to a History of Globalization
• 2.3 Knowledge and Science in Narratives of Globalization
• 2.4 Revisiting Europe from a Global Perspective
• 2.5 Capitalism and Industrial Revolution as Controversial Milestones of Globalization
• 2.6 Summary
• 2. Acknowledgement
• 3 Survey: From Technology Transfer to the Origins of Science Malcolm D. Hyman and Jürgen Renn
• 3.1 The Beginnings of the Globalization of Knowledge
• 3.2 The Spread of Knowledge in the Context of the Migration of Early Humans
• 3.3 The Spread of Agriculture and Other Early Cultural Techniques
• 3.4 The Spread of Animal Husbandry and Implications for Long-Distance Transport
• 3.5 The Spread of the Proto-Indo-European Language as an Example of Knowledge Disseminated Through Language
• 3.6 Urbanization in Babylonia and the Invention of Writing
• 3.7 Multilingualism, Language Contact and the Spread of Knowledge
• 3.8 The Spread of Babylonian Culture
• 3.9 Greek Science and Its Counterparts
• 3.10 Interpreting Early History with the Help of a Typology of Knowledge
• 3.11 From Practical via Symbolic to Scientific Knowledge
• 3.12 Knowledge Representations in Early History
• 3.13 A Typology of Transmission Processes
• 3.14 From the Early History of Knowledge to the Origins of Science
• 4 Technological Transfer and Innovation in Ancient Eurasia Daniel T. Potts
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Terminology and Ideology
• 4.3 Inverting Kroeber's Stimulus Diffusion Model: From Polemics to Applied Science
• 4.4 A Eurasian Problem: Western Influences in the Development of Chinese Metallurgy
• 4.5 New Perspectives on an Old Problem
• 4.6 Perspectives on the Study of Technology Transfer in Eurasian Metallurgy
• 4.7 Fellow Travelers in Eurasian Transfers
• 4.8 Conclusions
• 5 Writing, Language and Textuality: Conditions for the Transmission of Knowledge in the Ancient Near East Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Writing, Language, and Kulturtechnik
• 5.3 Writing and Textuality: Different Levels of Representation of Knowledge
• 5.4 Literacy and the Material Aspects of Writing
• 6 The Origins of Writing and Arithmetic Peter Damerow
• 6.1 Globalized Systems of Writing and Arithmetic
• 6.2 When is Writing Writing and When Is Arithmetic Arithmetic?
• 6.3 The Emergence of Proto-Cuneiform Bookkeeping in the Ancient Near East
• 6.4 The Inherited Semantics of Proto-Cuneiform Administrative Tablets
• 6.5 The Emergence of Proto-Cuneiform Bookkeeping as a Transformation Process
• 6.6 The Unexplored Transition from Proto-Writing and Proto- Arithmetic to Writing and Arithmetic
• 7 Globalization of Ancient Knowledge: From Babylonian Observations to Scientific Regularities Gerd Graßhoff
• 7.1 Science and Myth
• 7.2 Empirical Basis
• 7.3 Regularities as Scientific Hypothesis
• 8 The Creation of Second-Order Knowledge in Ancient Greek Science as a Process in the Globalization of Knowledge Mark Schiefsky
• 8.1 Cosmology
• 8.2 Mathematics
• 8.3 Medicine
• 8.4 Astronomy
• 8.5 Conclusions
• 9 Survey: Knowledge as a Fellow Traveler Jürgen Renn
• 9.1 The Stratification of Knowledge and the Historical Superposition of Globalization Processes
• 9.2 The Accumulation of a Potential for Science
• 9.3 The Role of Empires and the Fragility of Higher-Order Knowledge
• 9.4 The Role of Religion and the Endurance of Higher-Order Knowledge
• 9.5 Science as a Fellow Traveler
• 9.6 The Nature of Religious Knowledge
• 9.7 The Impact of Different Forms of Knowledge Representation
• 9.8 Knowledge Transmission Processes Between Self-Reinforcement and Immune Reaction
• 9.9 Science as an Insular Phenomenon
• 10 The Spread of Buddhism as Globalization of Knowledge Jens Braarvig
• 10.1 Basic Tenet of Buddhism
• 10.2 Geographical Spread of Buddhism
• 10.3 The Importance of Literacy in Buddhism as Opposed to Orality in the Hindu Traditions
• 10.4 The Text, the Image of the Buddha and the Community of Monks: The Historical Continuity of Buddhism
• 10.5 The Diffusion of Buddhist Dogmas, Rules and Conceptual Schemes by Narratives and Motifs
• 10.6 The Silk Road and the Spread of Buddhism to China and East Asia
• 10.7 The Spread of Buddhism to Tibet
• 10.8 Conclusions
• 11 The Transmission of Scientific Knowledge from Europe to China in the Early Modern Period Matthias Schemmel
• 11.1 The Global Spread of Modern Science
• 11.2 Science and Technology in China Before the Jesuit Intervention
• 11.3 How Scientific Knowledge Came to Be Transmitted by the Jesuits
• 11.4 Constraints of the Jesuit Context of Knowledge Transmission
• 11.5 The Impact of European Scientific Knowledge on the Chinese Tradition
• 11.6 The Transformation of Knowledge in the Process of Transmission
• 11.7 The Encounter of Two Systems of Knowledge
• 11. Acknowledgments
• 12 Normative Islam and Global Scientific Knowledge Birgit Krawietz
• 12.1 Knowledge Transmission and Institutions of Higher Learning
• 12.2 Broader Access to Global Secular Knowledge Through Westernization
• 12.3 Problems with Normative Islam in Western Islamic Sciences and Beyond
• 13 From Khwarazm to Cordoba: The Propagation of Non-Religious Knowledge in the Islamic Empire Gotthard Strohmaier
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 A Special Position of the Christians
• 13.3 A New Kind of Uniformity
• 13.4 Autochthonous Greek Learning versus Indian Science
• 13.5 The Role of the Courts
• 14 The Sciences in Europe: Transmitting Centers and the Appropriating Peripheries Manolis Patiniotis and Kostas Gavroglu
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Historical Background
• 14.3 Newtonianism in the Greek Intellectual Context
• 14.4 Centers and Peripheries
• 14.5 New Trends in the Historiography of Science
• 14.6 Conclusions
• 15 The Naturalization of Modern Science in South Asia: A Historical Overview of the Processes of Domestication and Globalization Dhruv Raina
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 The Encounter Between Modern Science and South Asian Knowledge Systems
• 15.3 The Modernity of Science and the Nation
• 15.4 Science in Development and Decolonization
• 16 Survey: The Place of Local Knowledge in the Global Community Jürgen Renn
• 16.1 Local Knowledge in the Niches of a Globalized World
• 16.2 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Development of Local Knowledge and the Example of Local Navigation Techniques
• 16.3 The Double Function of Local Knowledge
• 16.4 First and Second-Order Knowledge and their Representations
• 16.5 Modernization Without Alternatives?
• 16.6 The Unexploited Potential of Local Knowledge in a Post-Colonial World
• 16.7 The Generative Ambiguity of External Representations
• 16.8 The Four Phases of Knowledge Transmission
• 16.9 The Global Context of Encounters Between Local and Global Knowledge
• 16.10 The Role of Local Knowledge as a Matrix of Globalization
• 17 Taking China to the World, Taking the World to China: Chen Hengzhe and an Early Globalizing Project Denise Gimpel
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Study Abroad and its Effects
• 17.3 The Influences on Writing
• 17.4 Conclusions
• 18 The Introduction of the European University System in Brazil Oscar Abdounur and Adriana Cesar de Mattos
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 The Prehistory of the Creation of Universities in Brazil
• 18.3 The Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932
• 18.4 The Creation of the USP in the Context of the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932
• 18.5 The International Perspective in the Creation of the USP
• 18.6 The Internal Structure of the USP and the Controversial Status of Mathematics
• 18.7 Fantappiè and the Dispute Concerning the Chair of Calculus at the Polytechnic School
• 18.8 The Shift of the Mathematics Curriculum
• 18.9 Conclusions
• 19 Celestial Navigation and Technological Change on Moce Island Jarita C. Holbrook
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Navigation Techniques of the Moce Islanders
• 19.3 First Phase: Blown by the Wind
• 19.4 Navigation Techniques of Moce Islanders Phase II: First-Generation Stellar Navigators
• 19.5 Technological Change: Motoring Along
• 19.6 Discussion
• 19.7 Technological Change in Lau
• 19.8 Conclusions
• 20 Translation of Central Banking to Developing Countries in the Post-World War II Period: The Case of the Bank of Israel Arie Krampf
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 Knowledge, Translation and the International Policy Discourse
• 20.3 The International Discourse and Regional Convergence
• 20.4 The International Policy Discourse of Central Banking
• 20.5 The Worldwide Diffusion of Developmental Central Banking
• 20.6 Mutual Interdependence Between the Government and the BoI
• 20.7 Conclusions
• 20. Acknowledgments
• 21 On Juridico-Political Foundations of Meta-Codes Richard Rottenburg
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 The Case Study
• 21.3 The Main Hypothesis
• 21.4 The Meta-Code in Heterogeneous Trading Zones
• 22 The (Ir)Relevance of Local Knowledge: Circuits of Medicine and Biopower in the Neoliberal Era Hansjörg Dilger
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 Governing Health in the Era of Structural Adjustment and HIV/AIDS
• 22.3 Technologies of the Self in "New" Approaches to Prevention, Care and Treatment
• 22.4 Beyond NGOs and "the Clinic": Local Moral Worlds and the Limitations of Biopower in Tanzania
• 22.5 Conclusion: Knowledge, Practice and (Bio)Power in the Context of Globalization
• 23 The Transformations of Knowledge Through Cultural Interactions in Brazil: The Case of the Tupinikim and the Guarani Circe Mary Silva da Silva and Ligia Arantes Sad
• 23.1 Introduction
• 23.2 A Glimpse into History
• 23.3 Identity, Language and Religion
• 23.4 Indigenous Practices
• 23.5 Education
• 23.6 Changes in Cultural Practices
• 24 Survey: The Globalization of Modern Science Jürgen Renn and Malcolm D. Hyman
• 24.1 A New Stage in the Globalization of Knowledge
• 24.2 The Disciplinary Integration and Spread of Knowledge in the Age of Classical Science and European Imperialism
• 24.3 The Disintegration of Knowledge and the Globalization of Science in the Age of the Great Wars
• 24.4 Modes of Reflection on Globalized Science in the Age of Liberalization
• 24.5 The Persistence of the "Classical Image of Science"
• 24.6 The Formation of Socioepistemic Complexes and the Onset of Socioepistemic Evolution
• 24.7 The Perspectives of Social Studies of Science and of Historical Epistemology
• 24.8 Pathways to Socioepistemic Evolution
• 24.9 Nuclear Physics and the Emergence of Big Science
• 24.10 High-Energy Physics as an Example of Impartial Big Science
• 24.11 Climate and Energy Challenges and the Quest for Socioepistemic Evolution
• 24.12 Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering as Pathways to Socioepistemic Evolution
• 24.13 Global Health as a Challenge to Sociocultural Evolution
• 24.14 Toward a Global Knowledge Infrastructure
• 24.15 Science as a Medium of Reflection for a Globalized World
• 25 The University of the 21st Century: An Aspect of Globalization Yehuda Elkana
• 25.1 Introduction
• 25.2 Toward Global Contextualism
• 25.3 Academic Freedom
• 25.4 Psychology and the Theory of Meaning
• 25.5 Redesigning Undergraduate Curricula
• 25.6 A New Introductory Seminar
• 25.7 Curriculum Research and the Future of Higher Education
• 25.8 Appendix: Principles for Rethinking Undergraduate Curricula for the 21st Century, A Manifesto
• 26 The Soviet Psychologists and the Path to International Psychology Ludmila Hyman
• 26.1 Introduction
• 26.2 What Happens to Ideas When They Travel
• 26.3 Soviet Psychology as International Psychology
• 26.4 Recontextualization of Soviet Psychology and the Growth of a New International Psychology
• 27 The Global Diffusion of Nuclear Technology Angelo Baracca
• 27.1 Introduction
• 27.2 "Romantic" Phase: Early Research and Diffusion Mechanisms
• 27.3 The War and the Manhattan Project: Diffusion or Secrecy of Knowledge?
• 27.4 After the War: Monopoly or International Control?
• 27.5 The Turning Point: "Atoms for Peace," the Supermarket of (Dual-Use) Nuclear Technology
• 27.6 The Landscape Becomes more Complicated: Other Incentives, New Fields
• 27.7 The Establishment and Implementation (or Violation) of the Non-Proliferation Regime
• 27.8 What Changed after the Collapse of the Soviet Union and the End of the Cold War?
• 27.9 Present Problems, Perspectives, Dangers ... and Hopes
• 27.10 Conclusions
• 28 The Role of Open and Global Communication in Particle Physics Hans Falk Hoffmann
• 28.1 Introduction
• 28.2 Particle Physics: A Global Science
• 28.3 Open Communication: Global Collaboration to Address Complex Science Issues
• 28.4 Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Infrastructure in Particle Physics
• 28.5 Conclusions
• 29 Internationalism and the History of Molecular Biology Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
• 29.1 Introduction
• 29.2 The Early Years: 1930s and 1940s
• 29.3 The Immediate Post World War II Period
• 29.4 The 1950s and Early 1960s
• 29.5 The Gene Technology Era
• 30 The Role of Chemistry in the Global Energy Challenge Robert Schlögl
• 30.1 Introduction
• 30.2 Energy and Climate
• 30.3 The Scale of the Energy Challenge
• 30.4 Energy and Chemistry: EnerChem
• 30.5 Energy Scenarios
• 30.6 One Possible Target Scenario
• 30.7 Technical Summary
• 30.8 Global Aspects of Chemistry for Energy
• 30.9 Limiting Factors Within the Science
• 30.10 Global External Interfaces
• 30.11 Conclusions
• 30. Acknowledgements
• 31 Climate Change as a Global Challenge - and its Implications for Knowledge Generation and Dissemination Daniel Klingenfeld and Hans Joachim Schellnhuber
• 31.1 The Global Character and Phenomenology of Climate Change
• 31.2 Responding to a Global Challenge with a Global Scientific Assessment Effort: The IPCC
• 31.3 Recent Findings in Climate Change Science Through World-Class Cooperation
• 31.4 From Insights to Actions: The Need for Global Governance and the Emergence of Local Action
• 31.5 The Limits to Science and Reason?
• 32 Toward an Epistemic Web Malcolm D. Hyman and Jürgen Renn
• 32.1 Introduction
• 32.2 What is Fundamentally New About the Web as a Knowledge Representation Technology?
• 32.3 What Are the Shortcomings of the Present-Day Web?
• 32.4 What Are the Options for Future Developments of the Web?
• 32.5 Knowledge: The Perspective of Historical Epistemology
• 32.6 A Short History of Knowledge Representation Technologies
• 32.7 Challenges for the Future of the Web
• 32.8 The Epistemic Web
• 32. Acknowledgments

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